What's cooking in LPG?

 

Q1. How many LPG consumers in India?

A: 28 Crore

Q2. How many in above are eligible for subsidised cylinder?

A: 26 Crore ( as their income < 10 lakh p.a.). Till last year govt had to give Rs 24,000 Crore subsidy on LPG. But falling inte'l prices have turned it upside down, govt is earning back ! Its like petrol now; govt earns out of it.

Q3. How can we say Indian kitchen has progressed?

A: LPG consumption has doubled from 2010 to 26 mT today, whereas kerosene consumption has reduced four times to 2.4 mT. Till last year govt had to give Rs 24,000 Crore subsidy on LPG.

Q4. How many cylinders are consumed by a household in a year?

A: 6

Auto Industry in India

Q1. How many cars are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 20 lakh approx

Q2. How many two-wheelers are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 1.5 Crore approx

Q3. How many trucks (> 25 mt) are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 19,000 approx

Q4. How many SUVs are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 8 lakh approx.

Q5. How many electric cars are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 3500 approx

Q6. How many electric two wheelers are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 1.3 lakh approx

Q7. How many helicopters are sold in India every year (pre-covid)?

A. 10 approx

Freight Transport in India

 Q1. How much was Indian freight in 2010-11 ?

A. 2000 BTKM

Q2. How much of it was carried by Railways?

A. 690 BTKM

Q3. How much will be India's freight in 2030 (expected)?

A. 13500 BTKM

Q4. If Railway retains its share, how much will it carry?

A. ~ 4000 BTKM

Q5. What does this mean?

A. IR needs to create 6X infra capacity.

Test your General Knowledge

Q1: Who bought Yahoo for USD 5 b ?
Ans: Verizon Communications

Q2: What charity (big) didi A M Naik of L&T do?
Ans: donated 75% of his lifetime savings to NGO

Silk of India

Tusser, Muga, Eri, Frithi


Answer this: How much comes from forests and how much from agri?

Birth of Institutions

RBI 1935
SBI 1955
IFCI 1948
ICICI 1955
IDBI 1964
SIDBI 1990
EXIM Bank 1982
NABARD 1982
HDFC 1977
LIC 1956
GIC 1973
VTI 1964
FCI 1965
SEBI 1988
BSE 1978
NSE 1992

Institutions of Public Importance in India

1. Public Service Commissions ( Art 315-323):https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_commissions_in_India

2. Planning Commission: http://planningcommission.gov.in/

3. NITI Ayog:https://niti.gov.in/

4. National Development Council:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Development_Council_(India)

5. Finance Commission:  Art 280
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance_Commission

6. National Commission for Women:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_Women

7. National Commission for SCs STs

8. National Commission for SCs

9. National Commission for BCs

10. Minorities Commission:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_Minorities

11.  CVC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vigilance_Commission

12. Lalit Kala Akademi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalit_Kala_Akademi

13. Sahitya Akademy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi

14. Sangeet Natak Akademi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangeet_Natak_Akademi

15.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Cellular_and_Molecular_Biology

16.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute

17.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education

18.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation

19.
http://ncdrc.nic.in/

Round one of Quiz

The new UPSC pattern, This blog will help you!

Thanks a ton to Alagh and UPSC, the era of errors in UPSC exam pattern is over. No more fallacies like Pali literature and likes.
 Now the obvious result of this change would be that engineers/doctors will SWEEP the exam. Lets hope the anti-engineers dimwits dont get the pattern changed again.
For the new UPSC pattern, this blog makes you have an edge over others, so keep in touch.
Cheers folks, its level playing field now.

Some Rapid fire on Indian Infrastructure

Q) Name 13 major ports of India.

Ans) Kolkata ( Kolkata dock and Haldia Dock), Paradip, Vizag, Chennai, Tuticorin,Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, Mumbai, JNPT, Ennore ( only this is under central govt; rest are with port trusts),Ennore and Port Blair. In addition to these 187 minor ports.

Q) How many shipyards in India?

Ans) 7 under central govt , 2 under state govt, 19 private.

Q) How many airports in India?

Ans) 125 airports ( 11 international). Domestic airlines carry 24.5 million passengers.

Q) How much freight is carried by road in India?

Ans) 60 % of total. We have 3.34 million Km roads, 66000 KM are NH, 1,30,000 are state highways.

Q) What is breakup of power capacity in India?

Ans) State 48%, Centre 30 % and Private 22 %

A note on construction industry

• 
  Construction is the 2nd largest industry in India after agriculture.
• It contributes 11 % to GDP, employs 32 million people.
• Market size is 2.5 lakh Crore.

Some Rapid Fire on Business GK

Q) What is the size of direct selling industry in India?

Ans) Rs 4120/- Crore ( likely to reach Rs.7,120/- Crore in 2013)

Q) How much is AMWAY's share ?

Ans) Amway's turnover is Rs.1800/- crore ( approx 40 %)

Q) Who are other players?

Ans) Tupperware, Oriflame,Herbalife,AVM, K-Link, DXN,Modicare.

Seven Wonders of the World

Colossus of Rhodes

Hanging Gardens

Mausoleum of Mausolus

Pharos' Lighthouse

Pheidias' Statue of Zeus

Pyramids

Temple of Diana

can you guess these questions?

Q) Till last year these Aircraft manufacturers were taliking of India needing to buy 1000 commercial aircrafts each from them. Name the companies.

Ans ) Airbus and Boeing.

Q) What is India's position in COal production?

Ans) 3rd. with 550 mt. China produces 2971 mt and US produces 919 mt. India manages the show with CIL (300,000 employess, 500 mines ).

Q) With a turnover of Rs 50,000 Crore, employing 1.2 lakh people, this PSU produces 13 mt saleable steel in a year. Name this PSU.

Ans) SAIL.

Q) How many telephone subscribers were there in India 10 years back?

Ans ) Just 30 million ( Today 700 milion) Every year 18 million connections are added. Private sector provides 85 % . Overall teledensity is 67 % ( Urban 148 %, rural 32 % ).There are 11 million brooadband connections.

Export/Import Basket of India

We have compared 1984-85 status with 1998-99:-
Export Basket:-(Exports contribute about 10 % of GDP )
Agro:- Share has decreased from 24 % in 1984-84 to 18 % today.
Ores+Minerals:- Share has decreased from 5 % to 3 % today.
Manuf. Goods *:- Share has increased from 45 % to 77 % today.
Crude Oil+ Petro Products :- Share has decreased from 2 % to 0.3 %.
* Includes leather anf leather products, gems & jewellary, cotton yarn ytc.

Now coming to Import Basket:-
Food & Food products:- Share has decreased from 7% in 1984-84 to 5% today.
Petro ( POL):- Share has decreased from 30% to 15% today.
Coal:- Share has increased from 0% to 2% today.
Fertiliser:- Share has decreased from 2 % to 0.3 %.
Chemical :- Share has increased from 5 % to 8 %
M/C & equipment:- Share has almost remained same to 17 %
Iron & Steel :- Share has decreased from 4 % to 3 %
Stones & Pearls:- Share has increased from 6 % to 9 %.

Some data on Indian Population

• Birth Rate ( 1996-2001) :- 22 per thousand



• Death Rate ( 1996-2001 ) :- 10 per thousand



• Projected by 2050 1.55 billion



• Population growth rate 1.74 %



• Age profile






• 15-59 years 55 %



• < 15 years 40 %



• 60 + years 5 %

Some biology

What breaks into what?

Trypsin
Proteins + Peptones --------> Polypetides + Amino Acids

Lipase
Fats------------------------>Fatty acids + Glycerol

Emylase
Glucose <--------------------- Starch

Esomerase
Glucose-----------------------> Fructose

Tyline
Starch ------------------------> Maltos + Dex

Some Rapid Fire Quiz

Q) Lufthansa airlines belongs to which country?
Ans) Germany

Q) Gustavo Nabao belonged to which country?
Ans) Ecador

Q) What is difference between "Monetary Policy" and "Fiscal Policy" ?
Ans) Monetary policy is issued by RBI ( autonomous body ), and Fiscal Policy is issued by GOI .

Q) Hanumantha Committee, Prem Chand Committee and Narasimha Committee were related to ?

Ans) They all were related to budget.

How much do you know about agriculture in India?

Ques) Employing 58 % workforce, how much agriculture contributes to GDP?

Ans) 14 % only

Ques) India has 17.5 % of world's population, how much land it has ?

Ans ) 2.3 % of the world's.

Ques ) How much is total food subsidy ?

Ans ) Rs. 60,000 Crore

Ques ) How much is total fertiliser subsidy ?

Ans ) Rs. 55000 Crore.

Ques) How much is Area under cultivation in India?

Ans ) 122 Million Hectares

Ques ) How much is foodgrain production?

Ans ) 220 MT ( That makes yeild of 1800 Kg/Hectares )

Can you guess these epic battles of India?

Clues:-

• This war was fought in 1760.


• This was another Anglo French War.

Ans:- This was battle of Wandiwash.

Clues:-

• This was fought in 1757.


• This was fought between Robert Clive and Sirajuddaula.

Ans:- This was battle of PLASSEY.

Clues:-

• This was fought in 1764.


• This was fought between Shah Alam -II + Miw Quasim + Sirajuddaula and East India Company.

Ans:- This was battle of BUXOR.

Can you guess these epic battles of India?

Clues:-
This battle was fought in 1576
It was fought between ranapratap and Akbar
Result:-
Ans:- Battle of HaldiGhati.

Clues:-

• These battles were fought in 1749



• The warriors were:- Chanda sahib ( of Carnatic ), Mazafar Zang ( of Hyderabad ) with Dupleix ( French Governor General at Pondicherry ) Vs. Nawab Anwaruddin



• Result :- ?



• These wars were reult of Anglo French Rivalry.

Ans:- this was CARNATIC WAR . CW-I ( 1744-48). CW-II ( 1748-55). CW-III ( 1755-67)

Can you mane these epic battles of India ?

Clues:-

• It was fought in 1526


• It was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi


• Result :- ?

Ans:- 1st Battle of PANIPAT.

Clues:-

• It was fought in 1556


• This battle established Moghuls in India


• It was fought between Akbar ( Behram Khan ) and Hemu


• Result:- Akbar won.

Ans:- 2nd battle of PANIPAT

Clues:-

• This battle was fought between Afghans and Marathas

Ans:- This was 3rd battle of Panipat.

Clues:-

• This battle was fought in 1527


• It was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga


• Result :- ?

Ans:- This was battle of KHANNA

Clues:-

• This battle was fought in 1529


• It was fought between Babur and Afghans ( Nusrat Shah )


• Result:-?

Ans:- This was Battle of GHAGHRA.

Can you name these epic battles of India ?

Clues:-

• It was fought in 1191, between Maizuddin Mohammad ( represting Ghuri forces ) and Prithviraj.


• It was fought near today's Bhatinda.


• Result was :- Prithviraj won, Ghuris lost.

Ans:- Battle of TARAIN-I

Clues:-

• It was fought in 1192, again between Maizuddin Mohammad ( represting Ghuri forces ) and Prithviraj.


• Who was this Prithviraj? He was ruler of Ajmer, just 14 year old at the time of battle.It was fought near today's Bhatinda.


• One Jayachandra of Kanauj betrayed Prithviraj this time .Result was :- Prithviraj lost, won.

Ans:- Battle of TARAIN-II

Heard about Alha and Udal ? They were rulers of Chandela . They are of Sanyogita ( the beatuful princess) fame. They were invloved in a battle too ! Name the battle.

Ans:- Battle of Mahoba.

Clues:-

• It was fought in 1194, between Maizuddin Mohammad ( Md. Ghuri ) and Jayachandra.


• It was fought near Kannauj.


• Result was :- Ghuris won, Jayachandra lost.

Ans:- Battle of TARAIN-I

Clues:-

• It was fought in 1008, between Mahmood Ghazni and Hindushahi Rulers ( Anand Pale etc. ).


• It was fought near todays' Peshawar.


• Result was :- Ghazni won , Pale lost.

Ans:- Battle of WAIHIND

Guess these cities if you can.....

Clues:-

• This city of Croatia is known as "Pearl of Adriatic" and was established in AD614.
• It was ruled by Venetian Republic in 1205 and then by Vienna in 1815.
• In 1918 it became part of kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovens and in 1991( when Croatia declared independence) it came under siege from as Serb and Montenegrin forces shelled it.
• Libertas is the annual festival of the city and Minceta Tower and statue of Ivan Gundulic are famous landmarks here.

Ans:- The city is DUBROVNIK.

Clues:-

• This city of USA was almost discovered by explorer Verazzano in 1524 but the credit goes to Henry Hudson for discovering it in 1609.
• Dutch were first to settle here in 1624 followed by British in 1664. It became capital of USA in 1789.
• Meeting under a tree in Wall Street in 1792 by some merchants led to establishment of world's most famous stock exchange here.
• Flatiron building, Central Park, Chrysler Park , Brooklyn Bridge and 93 m tall statue of liberty (...thats too much of a clue...) are famous landmark here.

Ans:- We are talking about none other than NEW YORK.

Can you guess the city?

Clues:-

• Situated on river Thames , this city of England is famous for St. James Park, Regent's Park, and Hyde's Park.
• In AD43 trading center established by Romans in this city of England and in 1665 Great Plague killed up to 100,000 people.

• In 1666 the Great Fire destroyed 80 percent of the city’s buildings.


• In 1940 over 30 percent of the city was Destroyed by German bombs and over 30,000 people die during the Blitzes.


• The millenium wheel , Trafalgar Square and St Paul's Cathedral are famous landmark here.
• 
  
• Ans:- This is the city of LONDON

Clues:-

• This city of Spain is famous for Plaza de Toros ( Bull fight ring )
• In AD854 Mohammed I of Cordoba Founded this city .
• In 1561 Philip II established the Royal Court in Madrid, making it the Capital city.
• In 1939 General Franco became head of state following the Spanish Civil War.
• In 1975 Death of Franco, succession of King Juan Carlos, and Restoration of democracy took place here.
• In 1992 this city designated European Capital of Culture.
• This city is known as the city never sleeps ( Traffic Jam at 4 am )

Ans:- This is the city of MADRID

Guess the city....

Clues:-

• This city of Ukraine was found in AD560 by Slavic tribes on the banks of Dnepr river.
• Christianity was brought here in 988 by Prince Vladimir and it has about 500 churches, hence called city of churches.
• This city displays a statue of Lenin and was brought under Russia in 1654.
• In 1921 , this city was finally conquered by Bolsheviks and thus Ukraine was made part of Soviet.
• Orange revolution of 2004 installed democracy here in "Maidan Nezalezhnosti"( Square of Independence).
• Mikhail Bulgakov who authored "The White Guard" and "The Master and Margarita" was from this city.

Ans:- Thats the city of KIEV.

Clues:-

• This city of Cuba vibrates in Hispanic culture and primary education is focussed on physical exercises.
• Found in 1519, it was major Spanish port in 1500 and was captured by British in 1762 who finally gave it ti Spain soon after.
• 1898 Spanish -American war started here due to blowing up of USS Maine and victorious Fidel Castro entered here in 1959.
• Jose Marti is the father of Cuban independence and has a statue here.
• The last clue and you will get it ! This city is known for rum and cigar.

Ans:- Thats the city of HAVANA.

Guess the city..

Clues:-

• This city of Turkey was originally named Byzantion by its Greek settlers.
• Romans invaded it later and named it Constantinople before being name Stamboul by Ottoman rule.
• It got its official name in 1930 and hosted Formula 1 race in 2005.
• This is the only city of the world that lies in two continents - Asia and Europe.
• Separated by Bosphorus starit, this busy port city connects Sea of Marmara to Black Sea.
• Famous for Carpets, this is multicultural city having Blue Mosque, Basilica and Topkapi Palace are the landmarks here.

Ans:- This city is ISTANBUL.

Clues:-

• Having 50 feet tall letters : HOLLYWOOD written here , this city is home to Fox, Paramount , Warner , MGM and Walt Disney.
• This city of USA has the largest public park ( Griffith Park) in 4000 acres and hosted Olympics in 1984.
• Multimilion dollar mansion Beverly Hills is situated here and annual Oscar award function is held here.
• Angels Flight Railway, Venice beach and Mann's Chinese Theater are famous landmarks here.

Ans:- This is the city of LOS ANGELS.

Guess the name of the city...

Clues:-

• This city is the capital of Finland emerged as an important trading hub in 1550 , got devastated in 1808 fire and passed from Swedish to Russians in 1909.
• Strategic location of this city was highlighted when Finland declared independence in 1917 during Russian Revolution.
• More of sea than land, this city has 315 offshore islands extending in the Baltic Sea.
• In this city we find Suomenlinna ( Sea Fortress), Senate Square and looks so much of Russia that when Hollywood is in need to shoot Russia, they come to this city.

Ans:- The name of the city is HELSINKI.

Clues:-

• This city of South America has the name similar to its country and came under Spanish rule in 1521.
• This city was centre of Aztec culture in 1325, got devastated in flood in 1629 , faced violence during revolution in 1910 and had student massacre in 1968 ( later on held the Olympics in same year).
• In this city you can hear Mariachi music and can find great locations like Plaza Garibaldi, Altar de Los Reyes and El Zocalo.

Ans:- The name of the city is MEXICO CITY.

Can you guess the city?

Clues:

• This Swiss city was settled in 3000BC on the shores of the lake of same name.
• Red Cross was found here by Henry Dunant in 1864 and UN headquarter was established here in 1946.
• Jet D'Eau ( water fountain ) is the icon of the city which is flanked by Alps mountains.
• Rosseau and Voltaire were product of this city which was at centre of protestant reforms of 16th century.
• Known for private banking and watches this city has lots of gardens and a beutiful building called Montreux Placae.

Ans:- This is the city called GENEVA.

Clues:-

• Spanish arrived in this city of USA in 1513 and it was given to Britain in 1763 before being finally acquired by US in 1821.
• After overcoming the drug era of 1980s, around 800 buildings of 1920s and 1930s were prepared here for the Art Deco.
• This US city is called "little Havana" becuase of the large Cuban influx of 1960s.
• This US city is all about fast food, MTV America and is situated in Florida state near banks of the river of same name. Its name translates into " sweet water".
• 
  

Ans:- The city is MIAMI.

Can you guess the city....

Clues:-

• This Italian city was found in 59 BC by Julius Caesar and was under oligarchy ( Medici family) in 1488.
• Flooded by river Arno in 1966 this is the major art city of Europe.
• Having 2.5 million tourists every year, this city was major contributor in the Renaissance ( Lorenzo De Medici was the hero )
• Michaelangelo's David is the famous statue here along with other artworks such as Ponte Vecchio and Basilica of Santa Maria.

Ans :- The city is FLORENCE.




Clues:-

• Set on mighty St. Lawrence river, this Canadian city was settled by Spanish in 1513 and ceded to Great Britain in 1763 and again ceded to US by Spain 1821.
• This is the second last French speaking country in the world after paris, and its development is owed to Mayor Jean Drapeau.
• 1976 Olympics were held here and Biosphere and Leaning Tower are famous landmarks here.
• Next only to Toronto in Canada, this is major port city on Atlantic.
• This city is is known for its film industry and Jean Dreau (1916-99) the lawyer turned mayor.

Ans :- The city is MONTREAL.

Can you guess the city?

Clues:-

• This city of Scotland was established by Goddodin tribes who made a hillfort on Castle Hill and is built on many extinct volcanoes.
• Captured by English in 1296 , this city was devastated due to Great Fire in 1824 and got Scottish Parliament opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004.
• Having many booksellers, it holds Fringe Festival every year.
• This city was home to great minds. Daniel Foe , David Hume, Adam Smith, Walter Scot, R L Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle are related to this city.
• This city is famous for annual international festival.

Ans:- The city is EDINBURG.

Clues:-

• This city of USA was established in 1718 by French in order to gain control over Mississippi ( The river, draining from Rockies to Appalachian, that controlled the trade that time...).
• When French were expelled from Canada in 1755, they settled in this city.
• Ceded to Spain after French lost 7 Years War in 1763, it was bought by Thomas Jefferson in 1803 .
• 8 feet below sea level, pumps work 24 hours here and in 1914, Engineer Baldwin Wood drained the city with 117 kn long canals and later on came folld of restaurants.
• This city is famous for spicy food "Cajun", the raised tombs ( Lafayette Cemetery , where dead bodies float up overnight) , Jazz and the Mardi Gras.
• Known for hedonism, this city has the motto - "Forget the Government "

Ans:- The city is NEW ORLEANS.

Can you Guess the City ?

Clues:-

• This city of Thailand is famous for the large airport.
• In 1782 Chao Phraya Chakri (Rama 1) Established this city as the new Siamese capital,
• In 1784 The dazzling War Phra Kaeo (Temple of the Emerald Buddha) was built to house Siam’s most sacred image, the emerald Buddha.
• In 1863 King Mongkut (Rama iV)) built this city’s first paved road, Known to foreign merchants as “New Road”.
• In 1884 King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) Introduced electric lighting and Initiates work on an electric tram system.
• In 1998 The 13th Asian Games were Held at various locations Across the city.
• Marble temple, Yak temple and Chao Phraya river are famous landmark here.

Ans:- This is the city of BANGKOK

Clues:-

• This city of China is famous for the Imperial Palace ( the forbidden city) , the largest palace complex in the world.
• In AD700 Mongols, Koreans and local Chinese first established a frontier Trading post here.
• In 1267 Kabul Khan began construction of Khanbaliq (present-day city), completing the huge rebuilding project in 1293.
• In 1403 European Yongle completed the Forbidden City and other major Works here.
• In 1949 Mao Zedong announced the Formation of the People’s Republic of China from Tiananmen in central city.
• In 2008 The city hosted the Olympic Games.
• This city is famous for Mao's Mousoleum , Tiananmen Square and Northern Sea Park.

Ans:- This is the city of BEIJING

Can you Guess the City ?

Clues:-

• This capital city of Poland is famous for the 1944 uprising that saw 2 lakh people die.
• In 1281 the name of this city first appeared in written documents and in 1526 City in incorporated into the Polish Kingdom.
• In 1795 Poland was split between Russia, Prussia, and Austria and in 1918 Warsaw became capital of a Reborn Polish state.
• In 1980 reconstructed Old Town was Added to UNESCO World Heritage List.
• "Monument to the ghetto heros" ( Jewish fighters who resisted Nazis ) is located here.

Ans:- This is the city of WARSAW


Clues:-

• Citizens of this city of Austria earn a lot.
• In 1156 the Margrave (later Duke)Heinrich IV of Babenberg established his residence in this city.
• In 1278 Rudolf of Habsburg took over this city and the Austrian Territories, beginning an empire that lasted 640 years until 1918.
• In 1683 the Turkish army failed in its Second and last attempt to take this city, initiating 16 years of reconquest, resettlement, and a longer lasting Baroque building boom.
• In 1857 Emperor Franz-Joseph orders the bastions round the old city to be demolished, inaugurating both the Ringstrasse, with its monumental civic buildings in historicist style, and a new era of modern civil society.
• In 1955 The Austrian State Treaty is Signed by the victorious powers in Belvedere Palace,
• Ending 10 years of post-World War-II occupation by Russia, America, British, and French forces.
• This city is famous for Mozart the composer and Art History Museum.

Ans:- This is the city of VIENNA

Name the city challenge.

Clues:-

• In 1788 The First Fleet under Captian Arthur Philip arrived in Botany Bay.
• In 1793 The first free settlers came to this city from Britain and in 1842 this city was declared a city.
• In 1850 Gold was discovered here and in 1988 this city celebrated its bicentennials.
• In 2000 this city hosted a highly successful Olympic Games.
• Known for Bondi Beach, Royal Botanic Gardens,Opera house and Darling Harbor Bridge, this city owes its development to then Governor Lachlan Macqarie who championed the caues of ex convicts.

Ans:- This is the city of SYDNEY

Clues:-

• This city of China is known for its efficient MRTS.
• In 1790 A farmer from China’s Fujian Province founded a small settlement at Takala(now central City).
• In 1875 Chinese Emperor Guangxu established here the capital of Taiwan province
• In 1920 Japnese overlords formally recognize it as a city.
• In 1949 Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek fled mainland China and made it the capital of Nationalist China.
• In 1996 The first section of this city’s much- needed Mass Rapid Transit system opened.

Ans:- This is the city of TAIPEI

Clues:-

• This city of Japan is known for eating out, shopping and fashion.
• In 1180 First reference to Edo (this city), a fishing Village on the western shores of this Japanese Bay.
• In 1603 Start of the reign of the Tokugawa family which ruled and dominated Japanese life until 1867.
• In 1868 Edo was renamed this city, Imperia rule was re-established over the ruling Shogunate and Emperor Meiji moved his residence from Kyoto to this city
• In 1941 Emperor Hirohito declared war on the US, the UK, and The Netherlands. Much of city subsequently destroyed by American fire bombing.
• In 1964 18th Olympic Games were held here.

Ans:- This is the city of TOKYO

Clues:-

• This city of Burma is known for Aung San Suu Kyi.
• In 1755 King Alaungpaya built a new city around the town of Dagon and gave the city bits name.
• In 1885 The British established this city as their capital, renaming it Rangoon
• In 1942 Japanese forces captured Rangoon, leaving the city three years later.
• In 1988 Massive pro-democracy demonstrations in the capital ended in bloodshed.
• In 2002 Ne Win, former dictator, died in Yangon. His 26 years in power saw Myanmar almost bankrupted and no nearer being a free and democratic state.
• Golden spire of pagoda in this city is famous.

Ans:- This is the city of YANGON


Clues:-

• This city of UAE struggles with loss of water table.
• In AD600 Islam swept through the region and in 1819 British Royal Navy destroys 900 pirate ships and assumes distant control of intertribal disputes; the region becomes known as “The Trucial States”
• In 1958 Anglo-French consortium discovered huge reserves of oil here.
• In 1971 Britain withdrew from the region: six of the seven Trucial States merged to form the United Arab Emirates, with this city as capital
• In 2004 Ruler since independence, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahayan died, and wassucceeded by his eldest son,Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed.

Ans:- This is the city of ABU DHABI

Clues:-

• This city of Egypt is known for Florence Nightingale.
• In 331Bc This city was founded on the site of a fishing village called Rhakotis.
• In AD642 this city was peacefully won by the Arabs in a settlement negotiated by Arab general Amr ibn-el-“Aas.
• In 1798 Nepoleon invaded to find a ruined and depopulated city.
• In 1867 The Suez Canal was inaugurated, allowing this city to control 94 percent of Egypt’s exports.
• In 1944 Delegates from seven independent states signed the famous Protocol here, founding the Arab League.
• This city is known for Alexander the great.

Ans:- This is the city of ALEXANDRIA



Clues:-

• This city of Algeria is struggling with lots of unemployment.
• In AD670 Arab conquest, Kahina, a formidable women, lead the Berber resistance.
• In 1060 The Almoravids took power, extending Moorish power across Spain.
• In 1830 French forces occupied Algiers but take 50 years to subdue the rest of the country.
• In 1962 Independence . Ahmed Ben Bella formed the first government of a free Algeria.
• In 2003 On 21 May an earthquake to the east of the city killed more than2,000 people and caused widespread destruction.

Ans:- This is the city of ALGIERS


Clues:-

• Jewish population of this city of Iraq declined from 80,000 in 1921 to 38 in 2003.
• Located on river Tighris Khadimain Shrine is a famous landmark here.
• In AD762 The Abbasid Caliphate founded the city of Baghdad, which soon became the focal point of the Islam world.
• In 1055 The Seljuqs, originally Turkic nomads from Central Asia, established themselves as the rulers of this city.
• In 1258 The Mongols, led by Hulagu Khan, sack the city, a serious setback for Islamic civilization;800,000 inhabitants massacred.
• In 1534 the Ottoman Turks incorporated this city into their empire; a time of great creativity in the arts.
• In 2003 The United States and its allies entered here and unseated Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein.
• This city is known for the golden era of Harun Al Rashid ( AD 763 to 809)

Ans:- This is the city of BAGHDAD



Clues:-

• This city of Lebanon is known for the great poet/philosopher- Kahlil Gibran.
• In 1400BC First historical mention of Beirut found on engraved stone tablets in Egypt
• In 140BC Diodotus Tryphon destroyed Beirut, but the city was soon rebuilt on a Hellenistic plan.
• In AD635 The city passed into the hands of the Arabs.
• In 1918 Following World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Beirut became capital of French protectorate.
• In 2009 The city hosted the Winter Asian Games.

Ans:- This is the city of BEIRUT

Clues:-

• This city of Egypt is known for the famous writer Naguib Mahfouz ( Whisper of the Madness, Midaq Alley)
• Located on the banks of river Nile, In 2560BC Construction of the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)began at Giza here.
• In AD969 The Fatimids seized Egypt and found Al-Qahirah, morden-day city.
• In AD970 Mosque of Al-Azhar founded, regarded as the oldest university in the world.
• In 1811 Muhammad Ali Pasha began a massive modernization campaign in Cairo.
• In 1869 at the inauguration of the Suez Canal plans were unveiled for a new-look city along the lines of modern Paris.
• In 1987 The Cairo Metro opened, the first and still the only underground system on the African continent.

Ans:- This is the city of CAIRO

Clues:-

• This city of South Africa is known for Nelson Mandela and Table Mountain.
• In 1486 Portuguese explorer Bartholomew Diaz discovers the Cape Peninsula.
• In 1652 The dutch East India company establishes a trading base on the Cape.
• In 1840 Cape Town officially becomes a municipality.
• In 1948 The National Party establishes a formal system of Apartheid (racial segregation)
• In 1994 Nelson Mandela becomes president of post –Apartheid South Africa.

Ans:- This is the city of CAPE TOWN


Clues:-

• This is the the most important city of the north-west African country- Morocco.
• In 1468 The ancient town of Anfa- on the site of present-day city- was destroyed by the Portuguese after becoming a pirate haven.
• In 1515 The Portuguese rebuild Anfa and renamed it ..
• In 1755 Town destroyed by an earthquake, rebuilding began in 1757 under the direction of Sultan Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah.
• In1943 The Casablanca Conference. Roosevelt, Churchill, and de Gaulle met to discuss the direction of World War II
• In 2003 Suicide bombers attacked Spanish, Jewish and Belgian sites in the city, killing 39 people.
• Mosque of Hassan -II is the famous landmark here.

Ans:- This is the city of CASABLANCA

Can you guess the city?

Clues:-

• This Indian city famous for the grand Jama Masjid.
• In C1450BC The Pandavas found Indraprastha (a site close to Present-day this city).
  
• In 1206 The slave general, Qutb-ud-Din, Founds the Sultanate here.
  
• In 1638 Emperor Shah Jahan starts Building Shahjahanabad Commonly known now as Old City.
  
• In 1911 The British shifted the capital of India from Calcutta to this city.
  
• In 1947 this city became the capital of newly independent and modern India.
  Ans:- This is the city of DELHI
  
  
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  Clues:-
  

• This city of China is known for Artex Saigon Orchid Farm.
  
• In 1698 The Lords of Hue establish a Customs post on the site of the Ancient Khmer town of Prey in Nokor, present-day Saigon.
  
• In 1859 French forces seize Saigon; In 1862 the city becomes the Capital of Cochinchina under the Treaty of Saigon.
  
• In 1956 Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem Declares Saigon the capital Of he anti-communist
  Republic of Vietnam.
  
• In 1975 NVA(North Vietnamese Army) Captures Saigon and Vietnam Is finally reunited.
  
• In 1976 Saigon becomes renamed as this city ; communist authorities rename the city after the great Nationalist leader and founder of modern Vietnam.
  

Ans:- This is the city of HO CHI MINH

Can you Guess the City ?

Clues:-

• This city of Switzerland was home to great psychologist Carl Gustav Jung.
• In AD929, this city received its first written mention and in 1351 joined Swiss Confederation.
• In 1877 Swiss Stock Exchange was opened in this city.
• In 1918 the army quashes the general strikes with civilian fatalities.
• In 1992 the Swiss people elect not to join the European Union.
• This largest Swiss city is famous for life around river Limmat

Ans:- This is the city of ZURICH

Clues:-

• This city of New Zealand was famous for Sir Edmund Hilary the first Mt Everest climber( 29 may 1953, 11.30 AM).
• In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi, credited as the founding document of New Zealand was signed.
• In 1864, Wellington takes over from from this city as the capital of New Zealand.
• In 1947 this city became part of the newly independent New Zealand.
• In 1985 the Rainbow Warrior is sunk in this city's harbor.
• This largest city of New Zealand is famous for Maori people, and the dormant volcanoes.

Ans:- This is the city of AUCKLAND

Can you guess the city...

Clues:-

• This city of Nepal is famous for Durbar Square.

• In AD400 Early settlement in the area of Present-day this city during The Licchavi dynasty.

• In AD980 King Gunakamadeva I Commenced work on a new city, Then called Kantipur.
  


• In 1482 Under King Ratna, Malla this city became a city state.
  


• In 1769 King Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered this city Valley and proceeds to Renovate many of the city finest buildings.
  


• In 2001 Crown Prince Dipendra massacred 11 members of the Nepalese royal family, including the king and queen, In the royal palace.
  
  Ans:- This is the city of KATHMANDU

Guess these cities if you can.....

Clues:-

• This city of Bulgaria has Jews Christians and Muslims living in harmony.
• In AD809 this city (then called Serdical) was captured by Khan Krum and in 1382 Ottomans captured this city.
• In 1852 Earthquakes devastated the city and in 1878 Ottoman rule ended and this city became capital of Bulgaria.
• In 1946 Monarchy abolished and People’s Republic declared with this city as capital.
• Church of Sveta Sofia, the famous landmark here is a Roman era church, converted into mosque during ottoman rule.

Ans:- This is the city of SOFIA


Clues:-

• This city of Sweden consumes lots of coffee.
• In 1252 this city served as a post in the iron trade from mines in Bergslagen.
• In 1634 Sweden was made an independent monarchy, with this city as its capital.
• In 1912 this city hosted Summer Olympics and in 1973 Carl XVI Gustaf Folke Hubertus was crowned King of Sweden.
• In 1998 this city was designated a European City of Culture.
• VASA is the famous 16th century warship on display here.
• This city holds the "water festival" every year.

Ans:- This is the city of STOCKHOLM

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS OF THE WORLD

• Bastille, a castle of St. Antoine in Paris build as a fortress and subsequently used as a State prison, raided and demolished by the people in 1789 A.D at the outbreak of French Revolution.
  



• Empire State building, world’s then tallest building in New York (U.S.A) comprising 102 storeys and is 449 metre high inclusive of the T.V mast at the top.
  



• Louvre, a palace for the resident of French monarch, built by Francis I on the bank of river Seine in Paris, now houses the world’s richest museum.
  



• Scotland Yard, a building in London famous as the headquarters of the metropolitan police of London.
  

WORLD’S IMPORTANT WALLS

• Great wall of China, world’s longest wall in China. Its length is 2710 km. and its height ranges from 41/2 mertre to 12 metre.
  


• Hadrian’s wall, 120 km long wall built in A.D 122 in Britain from Bowness-on Solway to Newcastle .
  


• Wailing wall, wall of historical importance in Jerusalem, parts of which date back to the days of Solomon. It is regarded as one of special sanctity by Jews and Muslims both.
  

FAMOUS PALACES AND FORTS

• Agra Fort, in Agra, India, originally built by Akbar but many additions were made by Shahjahan. The walls and flanking defences made of red sandstone being nearly 21 metre high, present an imposing appearance. The fort is enclosed by a ditch, 9 metre wide and 10 metre deep. Many magnificent buildings are contained in it. The most famous of them are Royal Palace, Shish Mahal, Moti Masjid, Diwan-i-Aam, the hall of public audience and Diwan-i- Khas, the hall of private audience or the emperor’s court.
  




• Ahmednagar fort, an old fort in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, prominent because of the detention therein of prominent leaders during independence movement.
  




• Asharfi mahal, the tomb of its builder Mohammed Shah in Mandu, Madhya Pradesh, India.
  




• Buckingham palace, official residence of the King or Queen of United Kingdom in London.
  




• Elysee palace, official residence of the French President in Paris
  




• Gana Bhavan, official residence of Prime Minister of Bangla Desh in Decca.
  




• Gwalior fort, one of the biggest and strongest forts of India built in Gwalior, India, at a highly elevated place. Famous buildings contained in the fort are Man Mandir, the Palace of Man Singh, Gujri Mahal, Teli-ka-Mandir and Sas-Bahu Temple.
  




• Hawa mahal, a multi –storeyed, pink coloured palatial building in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
  




• Hindola mahal, a building in Mandu, Madhya Pradesh, India with walls sloping a an angle of over 77 degrees creating the illusion that the entire building sways.
  Independence hall, in Philadelphia (U.S.A) where the “declaration of American Independence was signed.
  




• Jahaz mahal, a building on a narrow stripe of land between the Kapur Talao and Munj Talao, in Mandu, Madhya Pradesh, resembling a vessel.
  




• Jantar mahal, an old Hindu observatory near Ujjain, India erected by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur, containing gigantic masonry instruments.
  




• Jantar mantar an old Indian style observatory in New Delhi.
  




• Kremlin, a large citadel in Moscow having the cathedral wherein the monarchs of Russia called Czars were crowned, now houses the secretariat of the U.S.S.R Government.
  




• Manshiet el Bakry, official residence of Egyptian President in Cairo.
  




• Merdeka palace, official residence of Indonesian President in Djakarta.
  




• Narain Hatti Palace, royal palace, the residence of the king of Nepal in Kathmandu.
  




• Palais-de-Nations, formerly headquarters of the League of Nations in Geneva (Switzerlamd), now European headquarters of the U.N.
  




• Pentagon, headquarters of the Defence Ministry of the U.S.A Government in Washington.
  




• Potola palace, once residence of Tibet;s Dalai Lama in Lhasa, Tibet.
  




• Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence of the President of India in New Delhi. The famous Mughal Garden is laid out around this building.
  




• Red fort, a fort made of red sandstone after the style of Agra Fort build by emperor Shahjahan in Delhi. Contains some magnificent buildings- Diwan-e-Aam, Diwan-e-Khas, Moti Masjid and royal palaces which are famous for their architecture.
  


• Shital Niwas, royal guest-house of Nepal in Khatmandu.
  


• Singha Darbar, the royal palace at Kathmandu in Nepal.
  


• Vatican palace, residential palace of the Pope, in Vatican city, near Rome consisting of over 4,000 rooms. It is the world’s largest residential palace.
  


• White fort, official residence of Yugoslav President in Belgrade.
  


• White House, official residence of the President of U.S.A in Washington.
  


• White Hall palace, an old palace in London where Emperor Charles I was executed in 1649 A.D. it now contains several offices of the Government and a museum.

GATES, TOWERS AND PILLARS OF THE WORLD

• Buland darwaza, a 38 metre high gate built in Fatehpur Sikri India, by Akbar to commemorate his victory over Khandesh.
  



• Bharhut stupa, a Buddhist hemispherical stone monument found near Satna in Madhya Pradesh, India. The stone railings of the monument illustrate in carvings the episodes of Buddha’s life in great detail. Now removed to Calcutta Museum.
  



• Dhwajastambhas at Ellora, stone flagstaffs in the famous Kailash temple of Ellora caves, India.
  



• Eiffel Towers, 800 metre high tower build in Paris all from steel by Gustav Eiffel at a high cost. It is now used as a wireless station.
  



• Gatgeway of India, build in Appolo Bunder, Bombay, India to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary of U.K to India in 1911 A.D
  
  



• Golgumbaz, one of the largest domes of the world in Bijapur Karnataka, India, which covers a floor area of 1630 sq. metre. It is built on the tomb of sultan Mohammed Adil Shah.
  



• Leaning tower, a marble tower in Pisa. Italy, leaning to one side as the name suggests. On its north it is 55 metre high and on its south 541/2 metre.
  



• Ostan Kimo, television tower in Moscow envisaged to be the world’s tallest building.
  



• Qutb minar, a 721/2 metre high stone tower in Delhi, the highest in India, said to have been build in 1199 A.D by Qutb-ud-din Aibak as victory tower but it is disputed by many scholars who claim it to have been build by a Gupta Emperor as an observatory.
  



• Sanchi stupa, one of the earliest stupas of India, near Bhopal in Sanchi, 17 metre in height and 361/2 metre in diameter, hemispherical in shape and made of bricks and sandstone.
  



• Sarnath stupa, a huge stone structure 32 metre high and 28 metre in diameter constructed at a spot in Sarnath near Varanasi U.P India, where Buddha delivered his first sermon.